Fluid pressure released brake



P. H. DANLY ET AL FLUID PRESSURE RELEASED BRAKE Feb. 5,A 1952 5Sheets-Sheet l Original Filed Nov. 3, 1947 Nm NN om INVENTOR. ,DH/o H.@AA/Y 650x965 T. 04M y BY V45/L GFOPGEFF Arron/fr Feb. 5, 1952 P. H.DANLY ET AL FLUID PRESSURE RELEASED BRAKE 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 OriginalFiled Nov. 5, 1947 Feb. 5, 1952 P. H. DANLY ET AL FLUID PRESSURERELEASED BRAKE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Original Filed Nov. 3, 1947 PatentedFeb. 5, 1952 m'sNT v4orifice: f

plied .fromethe :kinetic-:energy stored .in the.- .-y-

wheels andthe .motor serves :merely to ,return-.the ywheel 1. to speedduring the;v large. ,partof the cycleinzwhich -no .workis `done.In-v.draw/ingep- .eliat-iorisl '..the .Working :period .is. longer:.andin many .cases ,the.. motor A.takes v.an ...increasedrpart f theAwo'rlzing load. n Y 'Itl-is.. commongpractice'.impowerppressesl toLemploy a.continuous1y running motoizdrivingf-aiy- Wheel ,v/nich' is.adapted Ato" be .-ltched'lto -and nltched'from'the gear' traindriyinganeccentrio or crak. vThe arrangementissuh that'the rar'nfand associateddrive when unclutchedrom the `flywheel are broughtto restAand'iiinnfil')ilize'd byabrke. Atthe "start `f"the',woiking' stroke thebrke is s'bs'tantilly "simultaneously 'released `aridthe 'clth'engagedsi'nce Elarge amounts .f energy; vmust be handle'd' 'the frictioninvolved,4 especially in' largepresses, isT liighjThis frictionstopsthepress When'the ciutchisfdisengagedandthebrakeset.Frictionfengagesthe "flywheel Withthe Working train o'f "the :pressWlie'n"'the 'clutch isagain engaged. rlrThefreslt isithat large amountso'f heat are 'developed'froin the fi'ti'on, both"intheclutchingoperaton'and the'brking operation. i'TneheatW1*1ioh'mayfreiqneritly uwloeJcon"siderale-le l"has Ia deleterious "effect on the-lnt'ch *and brake'lc'ming material which L2 used which results in a noisy operation.*The'use of f a l harder "-l'-i'-Iii-ng "material requires increasedrelu'tc'li @arid r"brake --surface's eas the "cofci'ent of frictionbetween the lining material and '--t-he A'enacting frietion platesisfless 'f than initirefcase ofla-sof-ter and?m'oreftieforrnsvble liningmaterial. latter fmaterial gives l1a #greater ffiiction,#smoother:aetion-iandmorefquib 'operation "than the harder brake liningmaterial. iThe 'sfter 'materialf'lfiowet'enis so'-'slscept-ible to2l'ieatfthat it cannot ordinari'iy "be successfully employed. Then 1to0?the heatgenerated' 'can` befj uiious @tof-other*parts-f tileL cllitchand V'braise `-"The "metal plates-'Whih 'bearragainfst the liningfcan'ebecome warped ler pitted bythe heat. The springswanblesesome oftheirtemperand'wor'st of iall, the l piston packing 4in f the "air "cylinder,T4yfliether i 'it beliea'ther, rubber, f Aor t synthetic materiaL canbecome'fhadened or otherwise l *dete- "riorated .by4 'heatean'd becomeleaky to theipint of rendering "tliewlteh and brake"A inoperative.#rs1-a*consequenceiof t-liel 4"deterioration vof'lo'rake lining'seas a'iresiili', Io'f` 'heatm'iich time isflost' in pressing operations "in 'freplacing brake L"linings and other parts.'Thisis--especiaily"burdensome if the press is 'parti-6ta"produetion`line "since" the '-entirelin-eis blocked byapress, `tliec1tch"andIlara-ke liniifigs"andl otherpartsf whichm'u'st 'be renewed.

Gln-'tire'.i brake and Bmtcir'asserrloliesof tnepror art aa fsingie47Voperating member 'was "employed Which-similtaneously set'the;brkadleased the AVt'riiitlrf or ytrice "versa "-The-oiuthirrgpressure mustl :be greater thanther'braking pressuregsino'etheclutehmust'hold duringpeakorces which 'take piaceiduring thevVWorking cycle. f` the, press. This .isachieved .by providing al1argearea..over vylienthe' id. pressure, usually;compressede'air,islperin'ittd toviact. :The-total.pressure,required in thacase of theAbrake. assembly fisr-muchssmaller .and l.is usually .-supplied by@springs sagainst :the actionfof Whicl1,.therbrake. is released.

improved brake assembly for power pressesfin which the .mass :of @theobrake ipartswhichi 'must'bezstartedemdsstoppedlisgreatlyi'reduoedtirez-ebyznot :only fsaving ienefgyndw.nomiallylldssipated in 'heat ib'nt also reducing fthe heatlgenerate'd.

.AnotiierfobJectf-f o'ur' inventioni isto'lproyide an `v improved `brakei assembly *for power presses in whichthebrake-parts-arev-contmncusIyccid by circulated-air so :thatfl'thefheat generateci'-"ji 'y the brake'operatons' willbefconstantlydissipated to enable the brake parts to operate at a lower temperature.

Another object of our invention is to provide an improved press brakeassembly in which the brake linings will automatically equalize theirWear.

Another object of our invention is to provide an improved iluid pressureoperated brake assembly for power presses which is adequately andefliciently lubricated.

Other and further objects of our invention will appear from thefollowing description:

In the accompanying drawings which form part of the instantspecification and which are to be read in conjunction therewith and inwhich like reference numerals are used to indicate like parts in variousviews:

Figure l is an elevation of a brake and clutch assembly showing thebrake' assembly in section.

Figure 2 is a sectional View taken along the line 2--2 of Figure 1. n

Figure 3 is a sectional view similar to Figure 2 of another embodimentof our brake assembly with parts broken away.

Figure 4 is a sectional view drawn on an enlarged scale taken along theline 4-4 of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary sectional view drawn on an enlarged scaletaken along the line 5-5 of Figure 3.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line 6--6 ofFigure 5.

In general, our invention contemplates the mounting of the clutch andbrake discs upon a press shaft secured thereto for rotation therewith.The working parts of the clutch structure are secured to the flywheelfor rotation therewith. In this manner it is not necessary to start andstop the larger mass of the working parts of the clutch structure sincethese are permitted to rotate at all times. The clutch structure,furthermore, is formed with integral centrifugal buckets adapted to forma centrifugal fan for circulating cooling air through the clutch parts.Similarly, the operating parts of the brake structure remain stationaryat all times and only the brake disc rotates when the clutch is engaged.By this construction we are enabled to save large amount of energynormally wasted in bringing heavy masses up to speed and then having tostop them upon the application of the brake. The reduction of the masseswhich must be started and stopped, furthermore, reduces the heat whichmust be dissipated resulting from friction. We provide the flywheel witha plurality of `blades extending parallel to the axis of rotation toform a centrifugal fan adapted to draw cooling air through the brakestructure.

Our lbrake and clutch discs are provided with a plurality of openings inwhich are loosely positioned discs'of lining material, the constructionbeing such, that the individual discs are free to rotate to equalizewear. We provide a system of lubrication so that all bearings may bethoroughly and, if desired, continuously lubricated.

More particularly, referring now to the drawings, a flywheel 8 isadapted to rotate on roller bearings I0. The flywheel may be driven by abelt (not shown) or inany other suitable manner from a prime mover suchas an electric motor or the like. An inner race I2 forthe rollerbearings I0 is secured to a shaft I4 to which is secured for rotationtherewith a spur gear I6 meshing with a gear I8 of the working train ofthe press. It will be noted that the shaft I4 is the highest speed shaftof the press. By associating 'our improved brake and clutch assemblywith the highest speed shaft we are enabled to reduce the size thereof.Because of our improved construction we do not encounter deleteriousheat and are thus enabled to produce an'improved assembly which may bemore economically constructed. The press frame 20 supports the shaft I4adjacent its ends by roller bearing 22 and a similar bearing supportedin a pillow block I9 by the frame 20. The shaft |4 is provided with abore 26 in which is lodged a pipe 28. The pipe 28 communicates With aside duct 38 opening between rollers ||l of the flywheel bearing. Theouter-race 32 of the ywheel bearing is provided with an opening 34communicating with an annular groove 36 formed in the flywheel. A sideduct 38 provides communication between the bore 26 and the annulargroove 36. The construction is such that the lubricant will iiow throughpipe 28 into the ywheel bearing lubricating rollers I6 and both innerand outer races. A pair of lateral ducts 4 and 42 are formed in theywheel providing communication between the annular groove 36 and thespace outside the rollers I0. Lubricant which passes by the rollers Iilfinds its way through ducts 4U and 42 into the annular groove 36 whenceit is thrown out by centrifugal force and may overflow through duct 38and bore 26.

A lubricating duct 44 is adapted to provide lubricant to the rollers 22of one ofthe shaft bearings. Lubricant is adapted to drain through ducts46 and 48. f The brake housing vI 08 is stationary and is supported fromthe press structure in any suitable manner. It is formed with an annularcylinder ||u provided with a cylinder cover plate II2 se.- cured theretoin any suitable manner. Clamped between brake housing |08 and thecylinder cover ||2 we provide a flexible sealing member ||4 made ofrubber or the like. An annular brake piston ||6 is seated in the annularcylinder. The left hand surface ||8 of the brake housing |88 forms astationary brake plate. Spacedly mounted from the brake surface I I8 andcarried by the brake housing |08 by means of a plurality of bolts |28,we mount a movable brake plate |22. Secured to the shaft I4 for rotationtherewith we provide a brake disc |24 provided with a plurality ofopenings in which a plurality of brake lining discs |26 are adapted tobe m-ovably seated. A plurality of springs |28 urge and bias the movablebrake plate |22 to the right as viewed in Figure 1 clamping the brakedisc between the stationary and movable brake plates when the brake isin set position.

A brake disc |24 may likewise be rigidly secured to the shaft. Themovably lodged brakediscs are free to move to accommodate the motion ofthe movable brake plate when the brake is set.

The brake cylinder cover Il 2is provided with an internally threadedopening |30 adapted to receive a pipe communicating with a source offluid pressure. A plurality of thrust pins |32 extend between the brakepiston I6 and the movable clutch plate |22 so that upon the introductionof fluid pressure into the brake cylinder the brake piston will be movedto the left as viewed in Figure l, against the action of the springsV|28 to release the brake. The brake housing is provided with a pluralityof passageways |34 formed internally thereof by a plurality of curvedflns for the passagev of cooling air. Similarly, the mov- 5 fable .brake.plate |222 kisrprovided,wthf;ai; plurality .of passageways I 36 formedy.by sa ..plurality @of curved fnslforthe passagezofucoolingfair. '.The:brake 'housing'. is'- formediwithfa :numbergof openings |38communicating :rwith .the -atmosphere. f

The '.brakexdisc |24: ist f-ormed rwithf. a .number :of openings I 40:adapted .to 3 permit :the passage cof 'cooling air..Mountedeadjacentithe :periphery-of the flywheel 8 and extending overthe brakenas- Lsen`1bly,'-ave providera pluralityoficentrifugalffan*bladesllflZ-fadaptedato form-2a centrifugalfan. .A shroudingi I 44 :is@carried Ifby the brakeahousing Iand` prevents' .thelshortffcircuitin'gI ofwair. Itlwill bef-notedf thatl upon failureff; theiuidpressure medium, the springs tzi'w'illa'immediatel-ylset the brakes.1T-his is a safety feature pre- Ventin'ghloss off'corfitrol in event ofa rupture of the'uid' pressure-line or the loss of fluid pressure.Referring now to Figures 3 to 6 inclusive, we

have shown another `-constructionl embodying our finventionzin'fwhichapainoffbrake. shoes, are employed between the stationary-:lbrake plateand the movable .brake plate. v

The stationary brake plate'is replaced by a brake-"ring |2| providedwith -heat exchange-Tins i99. The f'stationarybrake r ring i l2 I coacts`with =a'ircular @brake shoe |23'provided with heat :exchange vkfins el,-The movablel brake'= ring .|2 is Iprovided f-withheatexchangelns 95fand is `provided1wi`th-al movable/annular Ibrake shoe I '2 5. lvThebrakefshoesare-provideduvith rounded bearirrg` s-ufacesl |27 -which willf permit :an-equaliza- 'tion :of thelpressure-in--event-of distortionfofjeither'ofthe brakerings so` that-fthe brake shoes will alwaysbearevenlygagainststhe brake discs |25. The movable brake -shoe |25 isprovided .witlf'heatexchange fins 93.

"Thebra'ke shoes'arese'cu'redtol the brake `rings by bolts II'l and IIBas can readily be seen by reference to Figure 6. It will be seen thatthe shanks of the bolts |I'| and I9 are slightly smaller than theapertures in the brake rings through which they pass. This permits asmall amount of relative motion between the brake shoes and theirrespective brake rings. The thrust between the brake shoes and the brakerings is taken up by thrust blocks |05 and |06 secured to the brakerings by tap screws IBI and |03 as can readily be seen by reference toFigures 5 and 6.

In operation, let us assume that the shaft I4 is stationary and that theiiywheel 8 is rotating at its designed speed. During this rotation, airis being thrown out by the buckets ||l1 formed in the clutch housing andair will cool the clutch parts. At the same time, the centrifugal fanformed by blades |42 carried by the flywheel will throw air outwardlyadjacent the brake structure drawing air through openings |38 andthrough passageways ISA and |325 to cool the brake parts. The springs|28 have caused the clamping of the brake disc |24 and its associatedbrake lining discs |25 between the stationary clutch plate surface IIBand the movable clutch member |22. Both the brake piston andv the clutchpiston are under atmospheric pressure.

Let us now assume it is desired to place the press, with which our brakeand clutch assembly is associated, into operation. A control valve isopened permitting fluid pressure to be exerted on top of the brake andclutch pistons. At the same time, fiuid pressure is led through aconduit (not shown) secured in the threaded opening of the brakecylinder cover plate |2. The brake piston moves to the left as viewed inFigure .1 1 f 1transmitting its motion @through thrustlfmem- :bers|132t-tosthe :movable brakeplate. |22, :carrying .th-is. plate vto fthe.left-:as viewed .in -Eigqurel-.against fthe? actiornofr springs'v I2Bfreleas-ing. thefbrakez'disc 1 |26v 5 and ltsp-associated .brakeli-ningsdiscs z |261-.at .the. same timetthatf .theclutchisfbeing set.The

shaftA I4 news-being. clutchedto the moving. clutch f parts and beingLreleased from .the :sstati-onary brakeA` parts-:rotates atithe-fspeedofv the Liiy-.wheel.8. nsf is; pointed .outfhereinabova shaft f t4 sis:the -highest f speed shaft: of f the:E press and i transmits`itsfmotion throughl a gear `train initiating ".with spun-gear t8.Themechanical advantage .ofathe .gear'train and -eccentricsisfrsuch.thatfthezfmagnitude of theffvorces represented at .thezifworkingfleveLof the; press :aregreatlya'reduced lat..the;driv ing level of thepress. Accordingly,ewesareena- 'bled to fuse much csmalfler :dimensions-for :both Ithe clutch i and: brake parts @than would :be the Acase iffthe `clutch :and `brake assembly @were :employedprra:'lowenspeedshaft'.Weareenabled Ato'jdofthis :partial'lyibecausemfzmmimprovedfconstrucitionfv and partiallygtbecausei'offour;combinaAtionccooling fsystemiyvhih :isubu'iltintoztheifstriicture. .The :use of:curi cooling .assemblyscarries:awayirthe'heatand:keepstherworkingtemperature of the fbrakecandfc'luteh.'parts .atsafsafasflower limit. Since we are enabled toincreasen-thez'fric- `tionxbyzthe :use of-:a softenilining materialmemay employ still smaller dimensions for the aparts. Onthe'otherhandnwefareenabled :to use aesofter liningmaterial-andstoiapply.oursbrakeFand clutch assemblyv on ahigherflspeedf'shaft by'reasonffof .our vcoolingV systemzwhi'clfis'partoff-our novelfand improved construction.

'l-A. brake and clutch :assembly in accordance 4.with our invention -o'fdimensions ''customarily .used oni-a 50-`tonpress hasbeenfassem'bledunder loa'd-A conditions found l i-1'1"a-3)0A ton ipress. fOur assembly was operated continuously by means of an automaticcontrol for long periods of time. Under these conditions our assemblywas found to reach a maximum temperature which it did not pass and whichwas a function of the temperature of the surrounding air. Thistemperature did not exceed a safe temperature which did notdeleteriously affect the clutch and brake linings.

The brake lining discs |26 which are carried in the apertures formed inthe brake disc |24 have a thickness greater than the thickness of thebrake disc |24, so that they may be clamped between the stationary brakeplate and the movable brake plate. The brake lining members |28,furthermore, are free to move axially of the shaft I4 automaticallycompensating for wear and avoiding the necessity of having the brakedisc secured to the shaft I4 axially movable of the shaft. By making theopenings circular the 1ining discs |26 may rotate when the brake is setto equalize wear. We have found that after many hours of use the brakelining surfaces become extremely uniform and show surprisingly smallwear. This indicates an excellent equalization of wear, so that abraking area having a. large surface is presented to the brake platesand high spots are automatically Worn 01T.

It will be seen that we have accomplished the objects of our invention.We have provided an improved brake assembly in which the mass of brakeparts, which must be started and stopped, is greatly reduced.Dsregarding the inertia of the load, which is the same for purposes ofcomparison, we must start only a comparatively light brake disc movingit from a position of rest to Axipeiinting speed. Similarly, we mustovercome only themomentum of this comparatively light disc in stoppingthe press. We are enabled thereby not only to save energy but to reducethe heat generated in the braking operation. We have providedY anassembly in which the brake parts are continuously cooled by circulatedair constantlyrdissipating the heat generated, whereby the bra-ke partsoperate at a lower temperature. We havefprovided a brake assembly inwhich the brake' linings will automatically equalize their Wear and'thus provide for ecient Working surfaces. We have provided an assemblyin which all of the bearings are eiciently and thoroughly lubricated andwhich may be applied to a high speedshaft of the press thereby reducingthe size of the parts.

It will be understood that certain features and sub-combinations are ofutility and may be employedwithout reference to other features andsub-combinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of ourclaims. It is further obvious that various changes may be made indetails within the scope of our claims without departing from the spiritof our invention. It is,

therefore, to be understood that our invention is not to be limited tothe specic details shown and described.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim is:

1. A brake assembly including in combination a shaft, a frame, anannular stationary brake plate carried by the framel an annular axiallymovable brake plate carried by the frame, springs l for urging saidbrake plates toward each other, said brake plates being formed withradially extending passageways extending therethrough, a disc secured tothe shaft for rotation therewith, said disc being formed with aplurality of aper- 'tui-es, friction blocks movably positionedl in theapertures between the brake plates, means for `Ymoving the axiallymovable brake plate against the action of the springs to releasevthebrake disc .and frictionblocks from the clamped position, and means forcontinually passing air through "1 ',the radially extending passagewayswhereby continuously vto cool the brake plates and friction blocks. Y

2. A'brake assembly as in claim 1 in which each of said brake plates isprovided wtlrannular shoes, one surface of each of the shoes adapted tocontact the friction blocks and the other surface of each of the shoesadapted to contact Y y respective brake plates.

PHILO H. DANLY. GEORGE I. DANLY. VASIL GEORGEFF.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS

